今天我们将使用 RVM（Ruby 版本管理器）将 Ruby on Rails 安装到 CentOS 8 服务器上。 让我们首先定义一些我们将在此过程中使用的术语和定义。
什么是红宝石？
Ruby 被定义为“一种动态的、反射的、解释的、高级编程语言。 该语言具有独立于操作系统的多线程实现、强动态类型、垃圾收集器和许多其他特性。 它是最流行的编程语言之一。 它具有优雅的语法，易于阅读且易于编写。 程序员对它的满意度最高。”
什么是 Ruby on Rails？
Ruby on Rails 被定义为“用 Ruby 编程语言编写的框架，它实现了 Web 应用程序的模型-视图-控制器架构模板，并将它们与 Web 服务器和数据库服务器集成。 这是最流行的 Ruby 框架。 它与 JavaScript、HTML 和 CSS 很好地结合，在 Web 服务器上运行，并简化了频繁的任务。”
先决条件
- 红宝石
- 柏油
- RVM 或宝石
- gnupg2
安装
我们将通过更新系统上的当前软件包开始我们的安装过程。
[root@host ~]# dnf update
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8 - AppStream 12 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Base 9.8 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras 3.8 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@host ~]#接下来，我们需要确保以下软件包已安装并且是最新的。 我们不会在下一个命令中安装 Ruby，但很快就会安装它。
- 卷曲
- gnupg2
- 柏油
要安装这些软件包，我们将使用以下命令。
[root@host ~]# dnf install curl gnupg2 tar
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:41 ago on Wed Mar 4 01:41:33 2020.
Package curl-7.61.1-11.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gnupg2-2.2.9-1.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
======================================================================
Installing:
tar x86_64 2:1.30-4.el8 BaseOS 838 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 838 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
tar-1.30-4.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.9 MB/s | 838 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.5 MB/s | 838 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : tar-2:1.30-4.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: tar-2:1.30-4.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tar-2:1.30-4.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
tar-2:1.30-4.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@host ~]#什么是 RVM（“Ruby 版本管理器”）
我们将使用 RVM（或 Ruby 版本机器）安装 Ruby on Rails。 RVM 是一个命令行工具，它允许我们安装、管理和使用不同的 ruby 环境。
RVM 类似于 dnf、snappy 或 Pypi。 RVM 允许您在系统上安装和管理 Ruby 的多个安装。 它还可以管理不同的 gemset。 它适用于 macOS、Linux 或其他类 UNIX 操作系统。 我们的下一步是下载 RVM 启动脚本
注意：与往常一样，请务必验证任何命令 bash 从外部源运行它之前的脚本。
[root@host ~]# curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/master.tar.gz
Creating group 'rvm'
Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/
Installation of RVM in /usr/local/rvm/ is almost complete:
* First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm' group,
and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with umask u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rx.
* To start using RVM you need to run source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
* Please do NOT forget to add your users to the rvm group.
The installer no longer auto-adds root or users to the rvm group. Admins must do this.
Also, please note that group memberships are ONLY evaluated at login time.
This means that users must log out then back in before group membership takes effect!
Thanks for installing RVM ?
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.
? Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate现在，我们需要添加一个使用 RVM 组的用户。
[root@host ~]# usermod -a -G rvm root
[root@host ~]#展望未来，我们将更新系统环境变量。
[root@host ~]# source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
[root@host ~]#接下来，我们需要安装 Ruby 的包需求
[root@host ~]# rvm requirements
Checking requirements for centos.
Installing requirements for centos.
Installing required packages: patch, autoconf, automake, bison, bzip2, gcc-c++, libffi-devel, libtool, make, patch, readline-devel, ruby, sqlite-devel, zlib-devel, glibc-headers, glibc-devel, openssl-devel...............................-
Requirements installation successful.红宝石安装
我们将通过检查 Ruby 的可用版本来开始安装。
[root@host ~]# rvm list known
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.10]
[ruby-]2.2[.10]
[ruby-]2.3[.8]
[ruby-]2.4[.9]
[ruby-]2.5[.7]
[ruby-]2.6[.5]
[ruby-]2.7[.0]
ruby-head
# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2
# JRuby
jruby-1.6[.8]
jruby-1.7[.27]
jruby-9.1[.17.0]
jruby[-9.2.11.0]
jruby-head
# Rubinius
rbx-1[.4.3]
rbx-2.3[.0]
rbx-2.4[.1]
rbx-2[.5.8]
rbx-3[.107]
rbx-4[.12]
rbx-head
# TruffleRuby
truffleruby[-20.0.0]
# Opal
opal
# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012
mruby-1.0.0
mruby-1.1.0
mruby-1.2.0
mruby-1.3.0
mruby-1[.4.1]
mruby-2.0.1
mruby-2[.1.0]
mruby[-head]
# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]
# Topaz
topaz
# MagLev
maglev-1.0.0
maglev-1.1[RC1]
maglev[-1.2Alpha4]
maglev-head
# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head
# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head
[root@host ~]#最新的稳定版本是 2.7.0。 我们可以通过运行以下 RVM 命令来安装它。
[root@host ~]# rvm install 2.7.0
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: centos/8/x86_64/ruby-2.7.0.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for centos.
Requirements installation successful.
Installing Ruby from source to: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-2.7.0 - #downloading ruby-2.7.0, this may take a while depending on your connection...
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 14.0M 100 14.0M 0 0 10.1M 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 10.1M
ruby-2.7.0 - #extracting ruby-2.7.0 to /usr/local/rvm/src/ruby-2.7.0.....
ruby-2.7.0 - #configuring.....................................................-
ruby-2.7.0 - #post-configuration..
ruby-2.7.0 - #compiling.......................................................-
ruby-2.7.0 - #installing..................
ruby-2.7.0 - #making binaries executable...
Installed rubygems 3.1.2 is newer than 3.0.8 provided with installed ruby, skipping installation, use --force to force installation.
ruby-2.7.0 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0@global
ruby-2.7.0 - #importing gemset /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/global.gems.............-
ruby-2.7.0 - #generating global wrappers.......
ruby-2.7.0 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0
ruby-2.7.0 - #importing gemsetfile /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.7.0 - #generating default wrappers.......
ruby-2.7.0 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-2.7.0 - #complete
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
[root@host ~]#现在，让我们设置 Ruby 的默认版本。
[root@host ~]# rvm use 2.7.0 --default
Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0
[root@host ~]#安装后，我们可以仔细检查它是否已安装以及它的版本。
[root@host ~]# ruby --version
ruby 2.7.0p0 (2019-12-25 revision 647ee6f091) [x86_64-linux]
[root@host ~]#现在，我们可以安装 Rails。
[root@host ~]# gem install rails
Fetching i18n-1.8.2.gem
Fetching mini_portile2-2.4.0.gem
Fetching nokogiri-1.10.9.gem
Fetching concurrent-ruby-1.1.6.gem
Fetching loofah-2.4.0.gem
Fetching rails-html-sanitizer-1.3.0.gem
Fetching crass-1.0.6.gem
Fetching zeitwerk-2.3.0.gem
Fetching erubi-1.9.0.gem
Fetching rack-test-1.1.0.gem
Fetching activesupport-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching thread_safe-0.3.6.gem
Fetching rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
Fetching actionview-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching rack-2.2.2.gem
Fetching tzinfo-1.2.6.gem
Fetching builder-3.2.4.gem
Fetching activemodel-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching activerecord-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching globalid-0.4.2.gem
Fetching actionpack-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching actioncable-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching mini_mime-1.0.2.gem
Fetching mail-2.7.1.gem
Fetching activejob-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching actionmailbox-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching nio4r-2.5.2.gem
Fetching websocket-extensions-0.1.4.gem
Fetching websocket-driver-0.7.1.gem
Fetching actionmailer-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching sprockets-4.0.0.gem
Fetching marcel-0.3.3.gem
Fetching activestorage-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching mimemagic-0.3.4.gem
Fetching thor-1.0.1.gem
Fetching method_source-0.9.2.gem
Fetching rails-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching railties-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching actiontext-6.0.2.1.gem
Fetching sprockets-rails-3.2.1.gem
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.6
HEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale.
But that may break your application.
If you are upgrading your Rails application from an older version of Rails:
Please check your Rails app for 'config.i18n.fallbacks = true'.
If you're using I18n (>= 1.1.0) and Rails (< 5.2.2), this should be
'config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]'.
If not, fallbacks will be broken in your app by I18n 1.1.x.
If you are starting a NEW Rails application, you can ignore this notice.
For more info see:
https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/releases/tag/v1.1.0
Successfully installed i18n-1.8.2
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.6
Successfully installed zeitwerk-2.3.0
Successfully installed activesupport-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed rack-2.2.2
Successfully installed rack-test-1.1.0
Successfully installed mini_portile2-2.4.0
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nokogiri-1.10.9
Successfully installed crass-1.0.6
Successfully installed loofah-2.4.0
Successfully installed rails-html-sanitizer-1.3.0
Successfully installed rails-dom-testing-2.0.3
Successfully installed builder-3.2.4
Successfully installed erubi-1.9.0
Successfully installed actionview-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed actionpack-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed activemodel-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed activerecord-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed globalid-0.4.2
Successfully installed activejob-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed mini_mime-1.0.2
Successfully installed mail-2.7.1
Successfully installed actionmailer-6.0.2.1
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nio4r-2.5.2
Successfully installed websocket-extensions-0.1.4
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed websocket-driver-0.7.1
Successfully installed actioncable-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed mimemagic-0.3.4
Successfully installed marcel-0.3.3
Successfully installed activestorage-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed actionmailbox-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed actiontext-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed thor-1.0.1
Successfully installed method_source-0.9.2
Successfully installed railties-6.0.2.1
Successfully installed sprockets-4.0.0
Successfully installed sprockets-rails-3.2.1
Successfully installed rails-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.6
Installing ri documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.6
Parsing documentation for i18n-1.8.2
Installing ri documentation for i18n-1.8.2
Parsing documentation for thread_safe-0.3.6
Installing ri documentation for thread_safe-0.3.6
Parsing documentation for tzinfo-1.2.6
Installing ri documentation for tzinfo-1.2.6
Parsing documentation for zeitwerk-2.3.0
Installing ri documentation for zeitwerk-2.3.0
Parsing documentation for activesupport-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for activesupport-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for rack-2.2.2
Installing ri documentation for rack-2.2.2
Parsing documentation for rack-test-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for rack-test-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for mini_portile2-2.4.0
Installing ri documentation for mini_portile2-2.4.0
Parsing documentation for nokogiri-1.10.9
Installing ri documentation for nokogiri-1.10.9
Parsing documentation for crass-1.0.6
Installing ri documentation for crass-1.0.6
Parsing documentation for loofah-2.4.0
Installing ri documentation for loofah-2.4.0
Parsing documentation for rails-html-sanitizer-1.3.0
Installing ri documentation for rails-html-sanitizer-1.3.0
Parsing documentation for rails-dom-testing-2.0.3
Installing ri documentation for rails-dom-testing-2.0.3
Parsing documentation for builder-3.2.4
Installing ri documentation for builder-3.2.4
Parsing documentation for erubi-1.9.0
Installing ri documentation for erubi-1.9.0
Parsing documentation for actionview-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for actionview-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for actionpack-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for actionpack-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for activemodel-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for activemodel-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for activerecord-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for activerecord-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for globalid-0.4.2
Installing ri documentation for globalid-0.4.2
Parsing documentation for activejob-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for activejob-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for mini_mime-1.0.2
Installing ri documentation for mini_mime-1.0.2
Parsing documentation for mail-2.7.1
Installing ri documentation for mail-2.7.1
Parsing documentation for actionmailer-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for actionmailer-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for nio4r-2.5.2
Installing ri documentation for nio4r-2.5.2
Parsing documentation for websocket-extensions-0.1.4
Installing ri documentation for websocket-extensions-0.1.4
Parsing documentation for websocket-driver-0.7.1
Installing ri documentation for websocket-driver-0.7.1
Parsing documentation for actioncable-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for actioncable-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for mimemagic-0.3.4
Installing ri documentation for mimemagic-0.3.4
Parsing documentation for marcel-0.3.3
Installing ri documentation for marcel-0.3.3
Parsing documentation for activestorage-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for activestorage-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for actionmailbox-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for actionmailbox-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for actiontext-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for actiontext-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for thor-1.0.1
Installing ri documentation for thor-1.0.1
Parsing documentation for method_source-0.9.2
Installing ri documentation for method_source-0.9.2
Parsing documentation for railties-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for railties-6.0.2.1
Parsing documentation for sprockets-4.0.0
Installing ri documentation for sprockets-4.0.0
Parsing documentation for sprockets-rails-3.2.1
Installing ri documentation for sprockets-rails-3.2.1
Parsing documentation for rails-6.0.2.1
Installing ri documentation for rails-6.0.2.1
Done installing documentation for concurrent-ruby, i18n, thread_safe, tzinfo, zeitwerk, activesupport, rack, rack-test, mini_portile2, nokogiri, crass, loofah, rails-html-sanitizer, rails-dom-testing, builder, erubi, actionview, actionpack, activemodel, activerecord, globalid, activejob, mini_mime, mail, actionmailer, nio4r, websocket-extensions, websocket-driver, actioncable, mimemagic, marcel, activestorage, actionmailbox, actiontext, thor, method_source, railties, sprockets, sprockets-rails, rails after 34 seconds
40 gems installed
[root@host ~]#接下来，我们可以使用以下命令检查我们刚刚安装的 Rails 的版本。
[root@host ~]# rails -v
Rails 6.0.2.1
[root@host ~]#如果我们想使用特定版本的 Rails，可以使用以下命令。
[root@host ~]# gem install rails –v [insert.number.version]结论
现在我们已经在服务器上安装了 Ruby on Rails，我们可以开始使用它作为我们开发 Ruby 应用程序的强大基础。 安装 Ruby on Rails 后，您可以开始创建 SSL 证书或安装 FTP 服务器。
如果您在安装时遇到任何问题，您可以随时拨打 800.580.4985 联系我们，或打开 聊天 或与我们联系，今天与我们知识渊博的系统管理员之一交谈！
